Linda's Literary Home

Author: Linda Sue Grimes

  • In the Fog of Memory

    Image:  Created by Grok inspired by the poem

    In the Fog of Memory

    Knowing that the soul lives eternal
    Gives the heart a glow, and the mind
    Rests on pillowed fluid dreams.
    Fields of fresh notions perfume
    The summer air, ripe with fervor.

    The silent morning plants fresh buds
    Of  rose-tinted possibilities, rare
    With the shining eagles of freedom.
    Flags planted by the sea wave
    In the noon-glowing sunshine.

    The salt of lovers’ tears sheds
    Its flavor in the savoring evening.
    Meditating on the Divine Belovèd,
    Chela bows listening for the music
    And the whir of the Celestial Motor. 

    Mighty armies of angelic forms
    Gather Chela in their gentle strength.
    Powerful healing flows into her being
    Spreading through body’s heart and limbs
    Making whole each ravished cell.

    Saving her soul becomes the Chela’s
    Only mission in this fallen world
    Where minions carve their names
    Upon unblinking stones to feign
    Recollection in the fog of memory.

    A Prose Commentary on My Original Poem “In the Fog of Memory”

    In my poem “In the Fog of Memory,” I construct a speaker who moves deliberately through shifting states of consciousness—memory, hope, devotion, and spiritual struggle—while maintaining a tone that is at once contemplative and quietly resolute. 

    The central tension lies between illusion and awakening, framed through a series of temporal landscapes: morning, noon, evening, and a final, darker awareness of the fallen world.

    My speaker relies heavily on imagery that remains fluid and atmospheric—fog, light, salt, music—contrasting with more fixed and symbolic elements such as stones, flags, and armies. 

    This interplay reflects my continued interest in the dual nature of reality: the ephemeral versus the enduring, the sensory versus the transcendent. As in my earlier work, I have tried to resist sentimentality, instead pressing toward a disciplined spirituality grounded in effort, perception, and inward listening.

    As is true with virtually all of my writings, philosophically, the poem draws again from yogic thought, particularly the idea of the chela (disciple) progressing through illusion (maya) toward union with the Divine. The speaker does not assume enlightenment but portrays it as a process—uneven, aspirational, and often shadowed by the persistent distortions of the material world.

    First Stanza: Memory as a Softened Gateway to Eternity

    In the opening stanza, my speaker presents memory not as a burden but as a kind of luminous fog—obscuring, yet gently illuminating. The assertion that “the soul lives eternal” provides the metaphysical anchor for what follows, allowing the heart to “glow” and the mind to recline in “pillowed fluid dreams.”

    Here, the speaker deliberately softens the language. Unlike the harsher textures of stone and blood in the earlier poem “Faded Stones,” this stanza breathes with ease and receptivity. “Fields of fresh notions” suggest a mind fertile with possibility, while the “summer air” evokes ripeness and fullness.

    Yet this status is not pure transcendence; it is a provisional state. Memory creates a space where eternity is intuited rather than realized—a comforting but potentially illusory reprieve. The fog both reveals and conceals.

    Second Stanza: The Morning of Possibility and the Symbolism of Freedom

    The second stanza shifts into morning imagery, reinforcing renewal and emergence. “Fresh buds” and “rose-tinted possibilities” suggest hope, but the speaker subtly qualifies this hope as “rare,” indicating its fragility.

    The introduction of “shining eagles of freedom” and flags by the sea broadens the scope from inward reflection to collective or even national symbolism. Freedom here operates on multiple levels—spiritual liberation, personal aspiration, and perhaps even political idealism.

    However, these flags, though vivid in the “noon-glowing sunshine,” are also subject to the same impermanence established earlier. They wave, they shine—but they do not endure unchanged. The speaker implies that even humanity’s highest ideals are part of the temporal flux.

    Third Stanza: Devotion and the Turn Inward

    In the third stanza, the tone deepens and becomes more explicitly devotional. The “salt of lovers’ tears” introduces a sacramental quality: suffering is not merely endured but tasted, absorbed, and transformed. Evening replaces morning, signaling introspection and withdrawal from outward activity.

    The figure of the Chela becomes central. Bowing in meditation, she listens “for the music / And the whir of the Celestial Motor.” This auditory imagery is crucial. Truth is not seen but heard—subtly, inwardly.

    The “Celestial Motor” clearly refers to the sound of “Om”; it suggests an underlying cosmic mechanism, a divine order that continues regardless of human confusion. The speaker affirms that through disciplined attention, one may begin to perceive this hidden rhythm. This marks a movement away from the soft illusions of memory toward a more intentional spiritual practice.

    Fourth Stanza: Grace, Healing, and the Intervention of the Divine

    The fourth stanza introduces a moment of grace. “Mighty armies of angelic forms” gather not as forces of destruction but of protection and healing. Their strength is “gentle,” an important paradox that reflects the nature of divine intervention in this poem.

    Healing flows through the Chela’s body, reaching “each ravished cell.” The word “ravished” carries dual implications—both violated and enraptured—suggesting that the body has been subject to suffering but is also capable of receiving profound restoration.

    This stanza represents a temporary resolution: the alignment of body, mind, and spirit under the influence of divine presence. Yet, consistent with the poem’s structure, this resolution is not final. It prepares the speaker for the harsher recognition that follows.

    Fifth Stanza: The Fallen World and the Illusion of Permanence

    In the final stanza, the tone shifts sharply. The Chela’s mission crystallizes: “Saving her soul becomes… / Only mission in this fallen world.” The earlier expansiveness narrows into necessity.

    The image of “minions” carving their names “upon unblinking stones” returns to a more severe symbolic register. These figures seek permanence through inscription, attempting to defy time and mortality. Yet the stones, though seemingly eternal, are “unblinking”—they do not witness, affirm, or remember.

    Thus, the act of carving becomes an illusion of legacy, an ego-driven attempt to assert significance within an indifferent material world. The speaker rejects this outward striving in favor of inward salvation.

    The poem ends without closure, intentionally so. The sentence itself breaks off, mirroring the incompleteness of the Chela’s journey. Enlightenment remains unfinished, and the world remains resistant.

    An After-Thought

    Across the poem, I trace a progression from soft, dreamlike awareness to disciplined spiritual focus, and finally to a stark recognition of worldly illusion. The Chela serves as both participant and observer, navigating states of grace and disillusionment.

    If “Faded Stone” affirmed endurance through hardness, this one explores endurance through devotion and perception. The central claim remains consistent: wisdom lies not in escaping the world, nor in inscribing oneself upon it, but in cultivating an inner clarity that can withstand both illusion and revelation.

  • Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnet 39 “Because thou hast the power and own’st the grace”

    Image: Elizabeth Barrett Browning – Getty Images

    Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnet 39 “Because thou hast the power and own’st the grace”

    In sonnet 39 “Because thou hast the power and own’st the grace,” the speaker is crediting her belovèd with being able to see her true soul through all of the despair that the years have heaped upon her. 

    Introduction and Text of Sonnet 39 “Because thou hast the power and own’st the grace”

    In Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s sonnet 39 from Sonnets from the Portuguese, the speaker endeavors to leave her former diminished stature behind now that she is unconditionally loved by a wonderful man.  

    The speaker is heaping all the credit upon her belovèd fiancé for her acquiring the ability to perceive her true nature despite all of the sorrow that years of pining away have left in her life.

    Sonnet 39 “Because thou hast the power and own’st the grace”

    Because thou hast the power and own’st the grace
    To look through and behind this mask of me
    (Against which years have beat thus blanchingly
    With their rains), and behold my soul’s true face,
    The dim and weary witness of life’s race,—
    Because thou hast the faith and love to see,
    Through that same soul’s distracting lethargy,
    The patient angel waiting for a place
    In the new Heavens,—because nor sin nor woe,Nor God’s infliction, nor death’s neighborhood, Nor all which others viewing, turn to go,
    Nor all which makes me tired of all, self-viewed,—
    Nothing repels thee, … Dearest, teach me so
    To pour out gratitude, as thou dost, good!

    Commentary on Sonnet 39 “Because thou hast the power and own’st the grace”

    The speakers revealing the importance of the influence of her belovèd for her newly acquired, delicious ability to see her true soul through all of the despair that the years have foisted upon her.

    First Quatrain:  Powers of Vision

    Because thou hast the power and own’st the grace
    To look through and behind this mask of me
    (Against which years have beat thus blanchingly
    With their rains), and behold my soul’s true face,

    Addressing her belovèd, the speaker credits him with the ability to see through the veil she has drooped around herself for protection.  Throughout her life, the years of feeling sad and sorrowful have taken a tremendous toll on her physical beauty and mental attitude.

    However, her new love is able to pierce through those superficialities to perceive the value of her soul.  The speaker implies that she has spent many hours crying; therefore, she metaphorically transforms the tears and years into “rains” that have “beat thus blanchingly.”

    Second Quatrain:  A Forlorn Life

    The dim and weary witness of life’s race,—
    Because thou hast the faith and love to see,
    Through that same soul’s distracting lethargy,
    The patient angel waiting for a place

    The speaker avers that her forlorn life has been witnessed by her soul, which has come to identify itself as “dim and weary.”   The melancholy speaker then reports and concludes that her new love has both the “faith and love” that enable him to intuit the true nature or her soul.  

    Though the speaker’s soul has been abused in the senses as she experienced so much pain, doubt, and anguish and thus has grown dull with “distracting lethargy,” it remained a “patient angel,” biding its time for better things to come.

    First Tercet:  A New Blossoming

    In the new Heavens,—because nor sin nor woe,Nor God’s infliction, nor death’s neighborhood, Nor all which others viewing, turn to go,
    Nor all which makes me tired of all, self-viewed,—
    Nothing repels thee, … Dearest, teach me so
    To pour out gratitude, as thou dost, good!

    As the speaker’s heavy-burdened soul waited “for a place / / In the new Heavens,” she now realizes the extent to which she has become aware of a new blossoming through the love of her suitor.  The speaker then begins a catalogue of negativity that has not been able to impede her belovèd from sensing the face of her real soul. 

    That list includes “nor sin nor woe.”   Furthermore, “God’s infliction” and “death’s neighborhood” could not hide her soul from him. And even other impediments of her personality that repelled others could not make her belovèd abandon her.

    Second Tercet:  A Catalogue of Maladies

    Nor all which makes me tired of all, self-viewed,—
    Nothing repels thee, … Dearest, teach me so
    To pour out gratitude, as thou dost, good!

    Continuing the catalogue of maladies, the speaker includes “all which makes me tired of all, self-viewed.” When she judged herself most harshly, she had found so many imperfections that the accumulation of them weakened her will to live a productive life.    Yet even these worst qualities of character have not been able to route the speaker’s new love from her, and her final remark shows the nature of her true soul. 

    The recovering melancholic speaker now commands her belovèd to offer her instruction in remaining and showing thankfulness. The speaker’s miserable life has made her feel that she hitherto had nothing for which to be thankful, and now she needs to learn how to show gratitude, instead of masking it behind a  veil of tears.

    The speaker finally asserts that her belovèd has the ability to pour out “good” with such a spontaneous ease that she wants to learn to do so as well.   If her belovèd suitor is so generous with being “good,” then the speaker wants to become generous in being thankful.

  • Faded Stones

    Image: Created by Grok inspired by the poem

    Faded Stones

    The wise never turn away from fading.
    They know the hands of time draw 
    White lines across the faces of pewter.
    Silence brings light to the glory-bound.

    The fever of desire sputters in the brain
    Quarreling with the calm of true love.
    Blood astonishes itself meandering
    Through the veins of hope and stasis.

    The skin that covers red speed never
    Reveals its constant play of wheels
    In motion toward an unstayed destiny.
    Light tunnels through the endless mind.

    The beams that drape our lips
    Scald the soul that remains untouched
    Though the weary heart breaks over rocks
    Of creedless beasts and simpletons.

    That stones regard the world a hard place
    Takes the brut force to conquer ennui
    In the glad morning of tempted faith
    Where the head holds the heart in check.

    A Prose Commentary on My Original Poem “Faded Stones”

    In my poem “Faded Stones,” I have created a speaker who attempts to weave a tight musing on impermanence, inner conflict, and hard-won wisdom, employing the controlling metaphor of ancient, weathered stones—pewter-gray, etched by time to explore how the human spirit endures decay, desire, heartbreak, and existential boredom. 

    My speaker keeps the language dense, almost alchemical, blending the physical (stones, blood, skin, rocks) with the metaphysical (light, silence, mind, soul). Rather than offering easy consolation, the speaker insists on a stoic, clear acceptance of life’s hardness, where wisdom lies not in resistance but in quiet endurance and rational restraint.

    My own philosophy inherent in the theme broached in this poem is influenced strongly by the teachings of Paramahansa Yogananda, who explains and emphasizes the operation of the pairs of opposite within the delusive force known as Maya or in the Judeo-Christian tradition Satan.

    First Stanza: Impermanence and the Wisdom of Fading 

    In the opening lines, the speaker establishes the poem’s core philosophy, suggesting that “Fading” is not tragic but remains a natural process, one which the wise are able to embrace.  

    The speaker then again turns figurative, personifying time as an artist, who is etching “white lines” (wrinkles, cracks) on “pewter”—the dull, metallic gray that evokes aged stone or aged human skin turned ashen. 

    These stones become anthropomorphic faces, scarred yet dignified. This scenario is not a Romantic lament but a quiet affirmation: true wisdom accepts entropy, while ”Silence brings light to the glory-bound” completes the thought. Glory is never loud with triumph; it arrives through earned stillness. 

    The “glory-bound” are those who, like stones, endure without complaint. Silence becomes a pathway and a condition for illumination, contrasting the noisy fever of society at large. Thus acceptance of decay transforms itself into the gateway to inner light.

    Second Stanza:  The Struggle between Desire and Love

    In the second stanza, the speaker shifts the focus inward to the body’s hidden wars.  Desire is expressed as a metaphoric “fever”—restless, sputtering, irrational—while true love is “calm”—steady, ultimately monastic, even as the brain continues to rage as a virtual battlefield. 

    The speaker personifies the life force of blood as becoming astonished by its own path; it flows through opposing channels of “hope” (forward momentum) and “stasis” (lack of progress). Its central tension and vitality are both driven and trapped.

    Here, the speaker expresses metaphorically my own personal deepest belief that the eternal human duel between passionate urgency and serene acceptance exist and battle together on the material level of being, where neither can ever be totally victorious.

    Thus the imagery strikes out visceral even though it remains abstract—blood does not simply circulate; it “astonishes itself,” suggesting self-awareness but also shock at life’s contradictions.

    Third Stanza:  Hidden Motion beneath Still Surfaces

    In this stanza, the speaker deepens and sharpens the stone metaphor: the body (skin) compares to the stone’s surface—opaque, concealing the “red speed” (blood’s rush, life’s urgency) and the “play of wheels” (mechanistic fate, karma, or the grinding gears of time). Even if on occasion outwardly still, inwardly the human being is a machine, hurtling toward an “unstayed destiny” (no brakes, no fixed end).

    Yet, as yogic philosophy teaches, the light tunneling through the mind is the entity that offers transcendence. The mind is vast and cavernous (like stone tunnels), but on rare occasions, if one is successful in yogic practice, it will be pierced by sudden insight. 

    Thus the  speaker is affirming that while the body is racing often quite blindly, the holiness of consciousness can affirm piercing clarity.  There can always be an illusion of stillness, while everything is actually in motion at the molecular and atomic levels, but wisdom can perceive the light within the tunnel of motion.

    Fourth Stanza:  Scalding Light, Broken Hearts, and the Hard World 

    The speaker then keeps “Beams that drape our lips” somewhat ambiguous: the image could mean smiles (beams of light on the mouth) or rays of external light that force expression. 

    These smiles/lights “scald the soul”—they burn because they are superficial. The soul remains “untouched” (pure, uncompromised), while the heart—more vulnerable—shatters against the “rocks” of a cruel, unthinking world.

    “Creedless beasts and simpletons” are the unfortunate people without depth of faith, driven primarily by brute instinct—for whom all compassionate individuals must pray.

    The speaker has kept the imagery brutal yet precise. The heart does not break gently; it is smashed over jagged stones.  This outcome remains the cost of authenticity in a shallow world, where outer composure hides inner scalding and breakage.

    Fifth Stanza:  Stones, Brute Force, and the Triumph of the Head

    In the fifth stanza, the speaker returns to the title.  Stones “regard the world a hard place; they know that reality is unyielding, yet they endure without caving in to illusion. Overcoming “ennui” (boredom but more tragically spiritual apathy) requires “brut force”—raw, almost animal willpower. (Please note the French spelling “brut,” akin to the English “brute” but in French means simply raw or unrefined).

    This force operates “in the glad morning of tempted faith”—a fragile dawn where belief is tested, because remains uncertain. The resolution is cerebral: “the head holds the heart in check.” Reason must restrain emotion; intellect masters the weary heart. Such a stoic mastery through intellect and raw will does not deny pain but instead signals disciplined endurance.

  • Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnet 38 “First time he kissed me, he but only kissed”

    Image: Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning – Global Love Museum

    Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnet 38 “First time he kissed me, he but only kissed”

    Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s sonnet 38 “First time he kissed me, he but only kissed” dramatizes the speaker’s elated feelings after the first three kisses shared with her belovèd: the first was on her hand with which she writes, the second was on her forehead, and third on her lips.

    Introduction and Text of Sonnet 38 “First time he kissed me, he but only kissed”

    In Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s sonnet 38 “First time he kissed me, he but only kissed, ” the speaker demonstrates that the love relationship with her suitor has continued to grow stronger even as she has continued to have serious doubts about it.

    Readers likely have begun to wonder if this speaker will ever surrender to this desire and accept the fact that her suitor is actually offering her the love she so desperately wants to accept.  In this sonnet, the speaker hints that she is ready to surrender to the love that she doubted even as it has grown stronger.

    Sonnet 38 “First time he kissed me, he but only kissed”

    First time he kissed me, he but only kissed
    The fingers of this hand wherewith I write;
    And ever since, it grew more clean and white,
    Slow to world-greetings, quick with its “Oh, list,”
    When the angels speak. A ring of amethyst
    I could not wear here, plainer to my sight,
    Than that first kiss. The second passed in height
    The first, and sought the forehead, and half missed,
    Half falling on the hair. O beyond meed!
    That was the chrism of love, which love’s own crown, With sanctifying sweetness, did precede.
    The third upon my lips was folded down
    In perfect, purple state; since when, indeed,
    I have been proud and said, “My love, my own.”

    Commentary on Sonnet 38 “First time he kissed me, he but only kissed”

    Even as their love relationship grows stronger, there still remains a tinge of doubt that the speaker will ever completely surrender to that love.But it remains clear that she is striving sincerely to accept that the relationship is genuine and will endure.

    First Quatrain:  Kissing the Hand

    First time he kissed me, he but only kissed
    The fingers of this hand wherewith I write;
    And ever since, it grew more clean and white,
    Slow to world-greetings, quick with its “Oh, list,”

    The speaker’s belovèd first kissed her on her writing hand. After this first kiss, she has noticed a remarkable transition of that hand: it appears cleaner and lighter.   That hand has grown “slow to world-greetings,” but “quick” to caution her to listen to the angels when they speak.

    In a stroke of technical brilliance, the speaker/poet again uses the device of breaking the line between “Oh, list,” and “When angels speak,” over the two quatrains.   This improvised special emphasis gives the same sense as an extended sigh with the facial expression of one seeing some magical being.

    Second Quatrain:  The Honored Kiss

    When the angels speak. A ring of amethyst
    I could not wear here, plainer to my sight,
    Than that first kiss. The second passed in height
    The first, and sought the forehead, and half missed,

    The speaker’s hand could not be more real and have any better decoration, such as “a ring of amethyst,” than it does now that her belovèd has honored it with his kiss.  The enchanted speaker then scurries on to report about the second kiss, which sounds rather comical: the second kiss was aimed at her forehead, but “half-missed” and lands half in her hair and half on the flesh.

    First Tercet:  Ecstatic Joy

    Half falling on the hair. O beyond meed!
    That was the chrism of love, which love’s own crown, With sanctifying sweetness, did precede.

    Despite the comical half-hair/half-forehead miss, the speaker is carried away in an ecstatic joy, “O beyond meed!”   The clever speaker puns on the word “meed” to include the meaning of “reward” as well as the famously intoxicating beverage mead.   The speaker has become drunk with the delight of this new level of intimacy.

    This kiss is “the chrism of love”; she is baptized in the love of her belovèd suitor. This kiss is also “love’s own crown”; again, similar to the “meed” pun, the speaker exploits the double meaning of the term “crown,” as the headdress of a king or simply the crown of the head.  The “sanctifying sweetness” of this kiss has preceded and grown out of the love that now is so sweet and electrifying.

    Second Tercet:   A Royal Kiss

    The third upon my lips was folded down
    In perfect, purple state; since when, indeed,
    I have been proud and said, “My love, my own.”

    Finally, the third kiss “folded down” “upon [her] lips.” And it was perfect. It possessed her in a “purple state.”   This royal kiss elevated her mind to pure royalty. She thus returns again to referring to her belovèd in royal terms as she had done in earlier sonnets.

    So since that series of kisses, especially that third royal embrace, the speaker has “been proud and said, ‘My love, my own.’”   This reluctant speaker is finally accepting her belovèd as the love of her life and allows herself the luxury of placing her newly awakened faith in his love.

  • Breathless, Dreamless Bliss

    Image: Created by Grok inspired by the poem

    Breathless, Dreamless Bliss

    She pondered the mystery
    Of paradise with blissful singing
    In the silent morning she prayed
    For the blessing of a silent night.

    Trains moving vast steel cars
    Along the long railways
    Between the cornfed towns
    Assaulted her ears and heart—

    Not that she longed to travel far
    Just that traveling far seemed
    A beacon to her staid soul
    In the fury of growth & discovery.

    For her the Celestial Face remained
    Hidden behind a marble curtain cloud
    Of suffering the trammels of childhood
    Which whirred behind her stalking.

    For her the Cosmic Lover was stretching
    Into her heart, crashing through the marble
    Curtained clouds of mundane aspiring
    To bring her to breathless, dreamless bliss.

  • Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnet 37 “Pardon, oh, pardon, that my soul should make”

    Image: Elizabeth Barrett Browning – Baylor University

    Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnet 37 “Pardon, oh, pardon, that my soul should make”

    In sonnet 37 “Pardon, oh, pardon, that my soul should make,” the speaker dramatically begs forgiveness for not immediately recognizing the true worth and commitment of her belovèd. 

    Introduction and Text of Sonnet 37 “Pardon, oh, pardon, that my soul should make”

    Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s sonnet 37 “Pardon, oh, pardon, that my soul should make,” creates an appealing tension; while the speaker again denigrates herself, she is, nevertheless, asking her belovèd for forgiveness. She had simply behaved as would an innocent pagan who could offer only the humblest gift to his protector.

    Sonnet 37 “Pardon, oh, pardon, that my soul should make”

    Pardon, oh, pardon, that my soul should make,
    Of all that strong divineness which I know
    For thine and thee, an image only so
    Formed of the sand, and fit to shift and break.
    It is that distant years which did not take
    Thy sovranty, recoiling with a blow,
    Have forced my swimming brain to undergo
    Their doubt and dread, and blindly to forsake
    Thy purity of likeness and distort
    Thy worthiest love to a worthless counterfeit:
    As if a shipwrecked Pagan, safe in port,
    His guardian sea-god to commemorate,
    Should set a sculptured porpoise, gills a-snort
    And vibrant tail, within the temple gate.

    Commentary on Sonnet 37 “Pardon, oh, pardon, that my soul should make”

    The speaker continues to denigrate herself through an abundance of humility, still finding it difficult to accept her good fortune at attracting such an illustrious love interest.

    First Quatrain:  An Emotional Appeal

    Pardon, oh, pardon, that my soul should make,
    Of all that strong divineness which I know
    For thine and thee, an image only so
    Formed of the sand, and fit to shift and break. 

    The speaker creates an emotional appeal to her belovèd, asking pardon for her soul and simultaneously again demonstrating the level of her perceived poverty of mind and spirit. 

    She implies that despite the “strong divineness,” which she now recognizes the belovèd to possess, as being “for thine and thee,” she was able to construct in her imagination only a much less exalted “image only so formed of the sand.”

    Such a hastily constructed image made of mere sand was unable to endure the test of time and therefore could not do other than “shift and break.” Of course, she does not intend her belovèd to gather from this dramatic description that his image has actually broken; she is merely once again offering proof of what her poor soul was able to grasp in its sullied state prior to their meeting.

    Second Quatrain: Distortion through Suffering

    It is that distant years which did not take
    Thy sovranty, recoiling with a blow,
    Have forced my swimming brain to undergo
    Their doubt and dread, and blindly to forsake 

    Again, the speaker recounts that having suffered for so many years has distorted her ability to recognize the true and the beautiful. She has needed constant tutoring in order to bring her perceptions in line with reality.  She has many times averred that she believes whole- heartedly that her belovèd possesses a genuine heart, and she believes his love for her is nothing but pure gold.

    Yet again, she must protect her heart, in case her early perceptions are false. She blames her feeble thought process on her “swimming brain.” Having been disoriented by the possibility of finding such a pure love, she could not keep that brain from entertaining thoughts of “doubt and dread.”

    First Tercet:  The Wages of Blindness

    Thy purity of likeness and distort
    Thy worthiest love to a worthless counterfeit:
    As if a shipwrecked Pagan, safe in port, 

    Thus, she now realizes that she was quite blind in “forsak[ing] / / Thy purity.” She, therefore, must ask “pardon” from having thought of his love as possibly nothing more than “a worthless counterfeit.”  The speaker separates her thought over the second quatrain and first tercet. Thus, after she remarks, “blindly to forsake,” she breaks the line to complete it in the second tercet. 

    This construction gives the object of “to forsake” more emphasis after inserting the pause created by the break.  She then begins the construction of a simileic metaphor of a “shipwrecked Pagan,” and again breaks the image over the two tercets for the same emphasis.

    Second Tercet:  Schooling the Poor Pagan

    His guardian sea-god to commemorate,
    Should set a sculptured porpoise, gills a-snort
    And vibrant tail, within the temple gate.

    This poor Pagan, who is “safe in port,” constructs “a sculptured porpoise, gills a-snort / And vibrant tail,” to honor the “sea-god” who has protected him. While worthy in a very humble way, such a gift would not be appropriate to place “within the temple-gate.”   But the poor Pagan would not be able to know better, until he had been schooled in the finer arts in life.

  • In the Belly of Hell

    Image:  Created by Grok inspired by the poem

    In the Belly of Hell

    “The mountains cannot judge us when we lie.”W. H. Auden “In Time of War”

    Warm faces stream into the well of darkness.
    She lights a candle as dusk breathes deep.
    Her fruit has come to fruition in the cold
    Dank moment where hatred still burns.

    A poem dictates the next decade
    Into which she elopes with madness.
    Hearts of black villains scud her world,
    Tearing her keening into shrill scrubs.

    A basket of words for weaving in the cornfield
    Where deplorable brambles fold and mold
    On the slippery slope of mutated follies — 
    Crooked pork stands disgruntled in shadows.

    A dark stump eats at the gut of the lame.
    The enemy of time goes limp waiting
    In the insane crawl space of diverse skin.
    Her mind goes to seed in the brain-dead winter.

    Her feet move spring music straining to speak.
    Her dream falls from the ink pool into blank verse.
    A fish flops and springs off its slithering spawn
    Where morning looms in from the horizon.

    Walking in the dust she dictates the next poem
    Intensity blocking the manners of evil wishers.
    But the clocks still run and water still erodes.
    The sinews of pink muscles decay in droves.

    A warm face streams out of the well of darkness
    Her candle has extinguished the force of swill.
    The ill-gotten gain of the intruder will be spent
    In the belly of Hell, as soon as she puts up the fire.

  • Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnet 36 “When we met first and loved, I did not build”

    Image: Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning – 1852. Portraits painted by Thomas Buchanan Read

    Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnet 36 “When we met first and loved, I did not build”

    In sonnet 36 “When we met first and loved,” the speaker reveals her inability to fully accept the love relationship that is growing with her belovèd suitor.  She is constantly trying to prevent her heart from being broken, in case the relationship fails to reach it full potential.

    Introduction and Text of Sonnet 36 “When we met first and loved, I did not build”

    Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s sonnet 36 “When we met first and loved, I did not build”  from Sonnets from the Portuguese reveals the speaker’s apprehension that the first moments of a new love might prove to be illusive; thus, she refuses to believe unwaveringly in the possibility that love had arrived.

    This speaker always remains aware that she must protect her heart from disaster.  And at this point in their relationship, she knows that she could suffer a terrible broken heart if the relationship fails to flourish.

    Sonnet 36 “When we met first and loved, I did not build”

    When we met first and loved, I did not build
    Upon the event with marble. Could it mean
    To last, a love set pendulous between
    Sorrow and sorrow? Nay, I rather thrilled,
    Distrusting every light that seemed to gild
    The onward path, and feared to overlean
    A finger even. And, though I have grown serene
    And strong since then, I think that God has willed
    A still renewable fear … O love, O troth …
    Lest these enclaspèd hands should never hold,
    This mutual kiss drop down between us both
    As an unowned thing, once the lips being cold.
    And Love, be false! if he, to keep one oath,
    Must lose one joy, by his life’s star foretold.

    Commentary on Sonnet 36 “When we met first and loved, I did not build”

    The speaker again is demonstrating her inability to fully accept the love relationship that is growing with her belovèd suitor.  The speaker must protect her poor heart, which could so easily be shattered if the love relationship should end.

    First Quatrain:  Love between Sorrow

    When we met first and loved, I did not build
    Upon the event with marble. Could it mean
    To last, a love set pendulous between
    Sorrow and sorrow? Nay, I rather thrilled,

    The speaker says that when she and her belovèd first met and love began to flower, she did not readily accept that the feelings were genuine; she refused to imagine that such a relationship could become solid.  She must continue to guard her heart by holding in abeyance only the possibility of a lasting love relationship.

    She questions whether love could endure for her because of the many sorrows she has experienced.  She, instead, continued to think of only the potential of love, existing between one sorrow after the next sorrow.  She felt more confident that sorrow would remain in the offing than that love would come to rescue her out of her melancholy.

    The reader is by now quite familiar with the sadness, pain, and grief this speaker has suffered in her life and that she continues to suffer these maladies.   For this melancholy speaker to accept the balm of love remains very difficult. Her doubts and fears continue to remain more real to her than these new, most cherished feelings of love and affection.

    Second Quatrain:   Continuing Fear

    Distrusting every light that seemed to gild
    The onward path, and feared to overlean
    A finger even. And, though I have grown serene
    And strong since then, I think that God has willed

    Answering her own question in the negative, the speaker asserts that she preferred to remain skeptical of the hints that seemed to suggest a progression toward the loving relationship.   

    The speaker’s fears continue to prompt her  to hold back her heart because she continued to remains afraid that if she gave way at even a “finger[’s]” length, she would regret the loss so much that she would suffer even more than she already had done.

    Quite uncharacteristically, the speaker admits that since that early time at the very beginning of this love relationship, she has, indeed, “grown serene / And strong.”   Such an admission is difficult for the  personality of this troubled speaker, but she does remain aware that she must somehow come to terms with her evolving growth.

    First Tercet:   Skepticism for Protection

    A still renewable fear … O love, O troth …
    Lest these enclaspèd hands should never hold,
    This mutual kiss drop down between us both

    Still, even though this wary speaker is cognizant of her growth in terms of serenity and strength, she believes that God has instilled in her the ability to remain somewhat skeptical in order to protect herself from certain torture at having been wrong about the relationship.

    This speaker knows that if, “these enclaspèd hands should never hold,” she would be devastated if she had not protected her heart by retaining those doubts.   If the “mutual kiss” should “drop between us both,” this ever-thinking speaker is sure her life would be filled with even more grief and sorrow.

    Second Tercet:  Wrenching Feeling

    As an unowned thing, once the lips being cold.
    And Love, be false! if he, to keep one oath,
    Must lose one joy, by his life’s star foretold.

    The speaker then spreads across the border of the tercets the wrenching feeling that her words are causing her.   This melancholy speaker feels that she must give utterance to these thoughts, but she knows that they will cause pain, even to her belovèd. But if, “Love, be false,” then she simply must acknowledge that possibility for both their sakes.

    The speaker anticipates the likelihood that she might have to “lose one joy” which may already be written in her stars, and not knowing which joy that might be, she must remain watchful that it might be the very love she is striving so mightily to protect.

  • Clinging to Darkness

    Image: Created by Grok inspired by the poem 

     Clinging to Darkness

    Spring clouds on the horizon
    Bring to mind the forfeit
    In cool nights of no return.

    The refrain of salad days
    Clings to the same past
    Where things were different—

    Different as what we allow
    Ourselves to believe
    About love, hate, and tears,

    Different as spring breezes
    In the morning before
    Noon brings the flowers—

    Before evening carries in
    The lost memories of resolution
    In the transparent rain,

    Before cucumbers can sprout
    In the garden of desire
    As if they could ever live.

    Spring clouds that bring wet
    Thoughts to the strawberry fields
    Cling to darkness unveiled.

  • Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnet 35 “If I leave all for thee, wilt thou exchange”

    Image: Elizabeth Barrett Browning – Library of Congress

    Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnet 35 “If I leave all for thee, wilt thou exchange”

    In Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s sonnet 35 “If I leave all for thee, wilt thou exchange,” the poet’s speaker questions her belovèd to receive assurance of his love as a shelter from her anxiety as she prepares to leave her childhood home. 

    Introduction and Text of Sonnet 35 “If I leave all for thee, wilt thou exchange”

    The speaker in Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s sonnet 35 “If I leave all for thee, wilt thou exchange”muses upon how she may react to leaving her childhood environment.    No doubt the speaker is elated at the prospect of beginning a life with the man she adores so adamantly, but as the reader has watched this speaker, it has become clear that any change in her station will cause abundant anxiety as she navigates the course of new her life.

    Sonnet 35 “If I leave all for thee, wilt thou exchange”

    If I leave all for thee, wilt thou exchange
    And be all to me? Shall I never miss
    Home-talk and blessing and the common kiss
    That comes to each in turn, nor count it strange,
    When I look up, to drop on a new range
    Of walls and floors, another home than this?
    Nay, wilt thou fill that place by me which is
    Filled by dead eyes too tender to know change?
    That’s hardest. If to conquer love, has tried,
    To conquer grief, tries more, as all things prove;
    For grief indeed is love and grief beside.
    Alas, I have grieved so I am hard to love.
    Yet love me—wilt thou? Open thine heart wide,
    And fold within the wet wings of thy dove.

    Commentary on Sonnet 35 “If I leave all for thee, wilt thou exchange”

    The speaker is asking questions of her belovèd; she needs assurance of his love as a shelter from her anxiety as she prepares to move from her childhood home.

    First Quatrain:  With an Eye Toward the Future

    If I leave all for thee, wilt thou exchange
    And be all to me? Shall I never miss
    Home-talk and blessing and the common kiss
    That comes to each in turn, nor count it strange,

    The speaker begins her inquiry as she seeks to ascertain whether her belovèd plans to abandon his own life context in order to live with her; she is, of course “leav[ing] all for [him].”  

    The questioning speaker carries on with a further inquiry, wondering but also correctly believing that she will long for familiar events that currently and have always filled her life.  She will miss such things as, “blessing,” “home-talk,” and “the common kiss.”

    The speaker then poses her question rather diplomatically in order to suggest that while she hopes she will not hanker back after her old home-life, she continues to harbor doubts about her ability to cut those ties so quickly and completely.   She then admits that she “count[s] it strange,” thinking that she would feel otherwise as she leaves her previous residence.

    Second Quatrain:   To Remain Steady

    When I look up, to drop on a new range
    Of walls and floors, another home than this?
    Nay, wilt thou fill that place by me which is
    Filled by dead eyes too tender to know change?

    The speaker then renders clarity for her missing the “walls and floors” that she has for so long remained accustomed to observing. For this speaker, the ordinary day to day observations and even noises around the home have become very significant in helping her remain truly steady in her view of reality.

    This speaker knows that she is accustomed to taking flights on mental wings that may sail her too far off from the here and now of daily life.  Then she poses a very vital question, wondering if her belovèd will be able keep her from continuing to grieve over past losses.  

    Having her belovèd beside her, though, leads the speaker to believe that her environmental change will affect her much less traumatically than she might imagine.   Although the speaker feels that her own eyes “are too tender to know change,” she can navigate the notion that with her suitor’s assistance, she will likely find adjusting to the new environment possible.

    First Tercet:  A Philosophical Leaning

    That’s hardest. If to conquer love, has tried,
    To conquer grief, tries more, as all things prove;
    For grief indeed is love and grief beside.

    In the first tercet, the speaker examines some philosophical leaning that has motivated her earlier questions.  Subduing grief has been the speaker’s most difficult task.  She finds that she must also conquer love, and that is also difficult.  

    However, most difficult has been her struggle with pain, sorrow, and that unending grief.  She has discovered that “grief indeed is love and grief beside.”  If she were to lose her belovèd or feel abandoned, her grief would compound beyond endurance.

    This speaker has repeatedly agonized over every aspect of her life, sad fact after sad event.  Her self-doubt has prevented her from immediate acceptance of the love of one she considers far above her station.  

    This speaker’s low self-esteem has caused much musing and wringing of hands.  But she always remains dignified in her questions for understanding, and those questions to her belovèd demonstrate a strong mind despite its many doubts.

    Second Tercet: Bold Speech

    Alas, I have grieved so I am hard to love.
    Yet love me—wilt thou? Open thine heart wide,
    And fold within the wet wings of thy dove.

    The speaker readily confesses that her long-time knowledge of sorrow has rendered her “hard to love.” Thus, she then demands that her lover, “Yet love me,” and then once again retracts the command, converting it to a mild question, “wilt thou?” 

    She has long lamented that she has grieved greatly in her lifetime; at times, she seems nearly tipsy with her idiosyncratic ways, as she proposes again a command to her belovèd to continue to hold her in his heart.  She colorfully refers to her soul as a dove with “wet wings” likely because of her having shed so many tears.

    The speaker finds any kind of bold speech beyond her capabilities, yet at the same time, she has convinced herself that she must unite with her deep soul, which she refers to as “dove.”  She must find her best self in order to continue in her relationship with her wonderful, magnificent belovèd.

    Image:  Robert Browning visits Elizabeth Barrett at 50 Wimpole Street – painting by Celestial Images